By The Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences
As a dog ages, several changes may occur besides a greying muzzle. Senior dogs have more health concerns than younger dogs, but they can still make playful, loving companions.
Harmony Peraza, a veterinary technician and the study subject manager for the Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences’ Dog Aging Project, discusses the most common health conditions that may arise in a senior dog.
While there is some variation among breeds, a dog is typically considered a senior at eight years old. Large dogs may age faster, becoming seniors as early as six or seven, while smaller dogs may not start showing signs of age until they are nine or 10.
One of the most common concerns in senior dogs is arthritis, which can cause a dog to move stiffly and slowly and sometimes also gain weight because of decreased activity. Providing a soft surface to lay on and reducing exposure to the elements are easy ways to help a dog with arthritis stay comfortable.
“I also recommend reaching out to your dog’s veterinarian for suggestions of supplements and, in some cases, medications that can potentially help with the discomfort of arthritis,” says Peraza. “Aging doesn’t have to be painful for your dog.”
Many dogs also lose their hearing and vision as they age, but this does not mean that they can no longer live a full and happy life.
“If you notice that your older dog seems withdrawn, is sleeping deeper than usual, doesn’t come to you as readily when called, or seems lost and confused, these can be signs that he or she has lost some vision or hearing ability,” says Peraza.
Blind and deaf dogs are great at finding new ways to navigate and stay active, but they do need more patience and understanding from their owners.
“Even dogs that go blind can manage to get along very well,” says Peraza. “It is recommended to keep furniture or objects in the home and yard in familiar order for the dog. Rearrangement of items can be confusing and cause the dog to bump into the newly arranged items.”
Dogs have an increased risk for cancer as they age, as well as “wear” on important organs like the heart and kidneys. If a senior dog has increased panting, decreased activity, vomiting, diarrhea, or a change in appetite, thirst, or the frequency of urination, it should be seen by a veterinarian, as these can be symptoms of heart and kidney problems.
Pet owners can help prevent heart and kidney problems in senior dogs by keeping up with oral hygiene.
“A red gum line and tartar build up on a dog’s teeth indicate bacteria or infection within the mouth,” says Peraza. “Bacteria is shed into the bloodstream and directly affects the health of the pet’s heart and kidneys. Dental disease is much more than just smelly breath and yucky looking teeth.”
Beyond physical changes, an aging dog may also develop dementia, causing it to act withdrawn or confused.
“Keeping a dog engaged through play and training activities may help keep its brain healthy and sharp,” says Peraza. “Additionally, your veterinarian can recommend special foods and supplements that, in some cases, may help delay or minimize the onset of senility.”
Finally, it may be common to find an older dog napping, but a dog that suddenly becomes less active should be evaluated by a veterinarian. While some laziness is expected from a dog that has lived a long, active life, excessive sedentary behavior could indicate health problems.
Even though dogs may develop health conditions as they age, they can still make great pets and live well past the point of becoming seniors. Saying goodbye is one of the hardest parts of dog ownership, but researchers across the U.S. are taking some of the first steps toward extending the lifespans of our canine companions.
“We all want to help our companion dogs live long and well,” says Dr. Kate Creevy, CVM associate professor. “To accomplish this, a better understanding of the aging process in dogs is needed. The Dog Aging Project brings together a community of dogs, owners, veterinarians, researchers, and volunteers to advance this understanding.”
This project seeks to understand how genes, lifestyle, and environment influence lifespan and health span, the period of life spent free from disease. It will enroll 10,000 companion dogs and their owners from across the U.S. Learn more at the Dog Aging Project website.
